Robespierre And The Sans Culottes Declared Essay - 1479 Words

The month of September would be remembered as one of the bloodiest months in French history, in particular, September 5, 1793. On this day, Robespierre and the Sans Culottes declared terror is the order of the day. These words would begin a period of violence where the enemies of the Revolution were executed en masse. Between 1793 and 1794, thousands of French citizens were imprisoned and hundreds were killed by a group called the Committee of Public Safety. They claimed they were acting in the best interest of the people, but were, in fact, acting in the interest of wiping out their political adversaries. The head of this committee was political leader Maximilien Robespierre. He was referred to as the incorruptible by his peers because of his unwavering commitment to the Revolution. By the end of this period however, he would fall victim to his own committee. This would be the end of The Terror. The Terror cannot be isolated as a great event of the French Revolution without firs t examining the events that lead to it. The flight of King Louis XVI and his family, the eventual execution of the king and Marie Antoinette, the purge of the Girodins as a political group, and the assassination of radical journalist, Jean-Paul Marat, are a few of the significant events that lead to terror being called the order of the day. Although there are many other significant events throughout the French Revolution, the aforementioned occurrences are key in what led to theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Robespierre, Leader Of The Jacobins Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pagesinto his chest. Marat cried out in agony saying Aidez-moi, ma chà ¨re amie! (Help me, my dear friend!) and died. After Marat s death, Maximilien Robespierre, leader of The Jacobins, was appointed as the head of The Committee of Public Safety on July 27, 1793. Although Robespierre was a bourgeoisie, he identified with the plight of the sans-culottes and would become their voice as the revolution progressed. It was because of this representation that he would become a prominent figure at the mostRead MoreTerror in the French Revolution Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagesthis idea that had lead to their demise. With the Prussians virtually on the Paris doorstep it lead to anarchy there, the sans-culottes invaded prisons and slaughtered all of whom they thought were planning a revolt to help the Prussians, however the same day a prominent figure, Maximillian Robespierre tried to have 2 major Girondins, Brissot and Roland arrested. Robespierre is seen as the father of the terror. Some days later after the `September massacres it was by pure luck that the FrenchRead MoreAnalyze the events or factors that you believe were the most significant causes of the Reign of Terror.1575 Words   |  7 PagesParisian laborers, the sans-culottes10, insisted upon this though the Girondins tried to save the Kings life. This, combined with a growing perception that they were too vacillating slowly alienated from the other major power brokers in the city. The key to the Girondins falling from power was their capacity to alienate the Parisian populace. Maximilian Robespierre, a prominent Jacobin politician who had been in favor of more radical democratic reforms and was in sympathy with the sans-cullottes, symbolizesRead MoreAp Euro Chapter 191602 Words   |  7 Pagesfor royal family. They forced the king to decree the sanctions of the National Assembly. They demanded the royal family to return to Paris. They showed how they could come together and prove their strength as wo men 10) Who were the sans-culottes? The Sans-Culottes were referred to without breeches which refers to those who wore long trousers instead of aristocratic knee breeches. They were the most radical group and demanded relief from food shortages and rising prices, social equality, republicanRead MoreEssay on The French Revolution6694 Words   |  27 Pagessupported measures which the sans-culottes favoured: direct democracy. Much support amongst the working class, although leaders were bourgeois. Most notorious write Marat, LAmi du Peuple. Became chief spokesman of the popular movement. ** As there were no political parties, the clubs played an important part in the revolution. Kept - kept the public informed major issues of the day - acted as pressure groups to influence the members in the Assembly - the peasants and sans-culottes were not satisfied withRead MoreThe French Revolution : The Most Momentous Upheaval Of The Revolutionary Age That Replaced Modern Society2335 Words   |  10 Pagesgovernment, and constitutions. In 1789-1792, the deterioration of the political situation along with the failure of the attempt to set up a workable constitutional monarchy under Louis XVI may further explain why Robespierre becomes an advocate of terror. Born in 1758 Maximillien Robespierre, from Arras, was one of the most famous radicals that were able to gasp power in France. He dealt with numerous tragedies throughout his early life. He lost his mother when he was six years of age and his fatherRead More The Reign Of Terror Essay4589 Words   |  19 Pagesindependence. Finally, he informed them, that he would not allow any reforms to be made, unless he approved of them. Unfortunately, their will would not be easily undone, and in a vote to four hundred ninety three to ninety four, the National Assembly declared that serious action would be taken against the King. With such an resounding opposition, on June 27th, 1789, Louis XVI gave into their demands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Educated in Paris, a young man of twenty six years, would be one of the first to set off theRead MoreThe Reign of Terror4635 Words   |  19 Pagesindependence. Finally, he informed them, that he would not allow any reforms to be made, unless he approved of them. Unfortunately, their will would not be easily undone, and in a vote to four hundred ninety three to ninety four, the National Assembly declared that serious action would be taken against the King. With such an resounding opposition, on June 27th, 1789, Louis XVI gave into their demands. Educated in Paris, a young man of twenty six years, would be one of the first to set off the spark ofRead MoreThe National Assembly1012 Words   |  5 Pagesmoderates who only wanted some changes, and conservatives who wanted no change. Groups were also created outside of the Assembly into two main factions. The king’s supporters, or à ©migrà ©s, fled France and attempted to restore the Old Regime, and the sans-culottes were made up of the working class who wanted even greater changes brought to France. Even though they weren’t part of the Assembly, they found ways to bring about their power on the streets of Paris. Monarchs in other European countries wereRead MoreThe War Of The Revolution1951 Words   |  8 Pageshis nation, realized that the King was in fact their enemy. Faced with enemy countries who were nervous about the spread of Revolutionary ideas, along with rebels protesting within France, Robespierre called for an attack, saying, â€Å"we must stifle the internal and external enemies of the Republic† (Robespierre, 46). These â€Å"internal and external† struggles forced the citizens to demand radicalization in order to create a Republic, and sever themselves from old beleifs in order to gain freedom for

Homelessness Is Not A Rare Subject Or Situation - 895 Words

There are limitless causes of homelessness, however, there are also limitless actions that we as people could take to address and avoid the problem. Perhaps, people only feel the compassion fatigue(Gurley 1), because they simply do not recognize that there are various options that they can take or they do not realize why or how people get in the situation as they do. Throughout the reading of Jan Gurley s Homelessness kills, but we can save lives,and National Coalition for the Homeless, I realized that people can change their perspectives that homelessness is not intractable(Gurley 1). Homelessness is not a rare subject or situation. There are immense numbers of people falling into living on the streets every day. You see examples of this almost daily: you are getting off the nearest exit on the highway and when you stop at that first light you see a man, woman, or sometimes families standing there with a sign pleading for you to help with just the slightest amount of change. These individuals need help, ...people without a home are dying, most often diseases and problems many of us wouldn t have expected...relatively treatable conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes†(Gurley 1). That change or anything you can possibly give could just save them by allowing them to get a check-up at a clinic or at the very least some attention.. Comparing a homeless person to a non-homeless person, a homeless person passes away because they do not have theShow MoreRelatedThe Definition of Homelessness1604 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of homelessness can vary depending who you speak to, but according to Peter Rossi in his text, Down and Out in America, he defines homelessness as â€Å"not having customary and regu lar access to a conventional dwelling; it mainly applies to those who do not rent or own a residence† (Rossi 10). Robert Frost states in his poem, â€Å"The Death of the Hired Man†: â€Å"Home is the place where, when you have to go there, / they have to take you in† (qtd. in Rossi 14). For people who are branded withRead MoreThe Problem Of Substance Abuse2107 Words   |  9 Pages Substance abuse is a contributing factor and very often a result of homelessness. Homeless youth are at greater risk for addiction and addicted youth are at greater risk of being homeless. According to a study by Peterson et.al. (2006). Homelessness and addiction have many correlations. The financial, social, physical, and psychological effects are profound. Financially, it is very difficult to support a household and a habit. Many homeless people choose to spend what meager funds they acquire onRead MoreConfucianism And Its Positive And Negative Sides1908 Words   |  8 Pagesasso ciates rituals as expressing and reinforcing emotions and dispositions needed for maintaining communities. 5. Ethical Cultivation – Kongzi wanted to improve society by putting virtuous people into positions of authority, but he was well aware of how rare true virtue is. Therefore, he created educational techniques for making people not just more skillful or more knowledgeable but also benevolent, wise and reverent. Kongzi believes that â€Å"If you learn without thinking about what you have learned, youRead MoreA Helping Field : What It Makes A Difference? Essay1981 Words   |  8 Pagesmessaging; yet lacking in direct interpersonal relationships being self-absorbed becomes likely. How easy it can be to get caught up in the hustle and bustle of existence and drift into egocentrism, and lose sight of what is supposed to make this country rare and spectacular, common goodness and humanity. Every day in America intensive suffering takes place; children go hungry; spouses and the elderly are abused; addiction rates soar and continue to kill unsparingly; prejudice continues to run ra mpantRead MoreFad2230 Exam 1 Study Guide2832 Words   |  12 Pagesone spouse at a time. Gender unspecified Polygyny: the marriage pattern in which husbands can have more than one wife. Most common Legal in some regions Polyandry: the marriage pattern in which wives are allowed to have more than one husband. Rare Harsh environmental conditions Patterns of Authority Patriarchy: a form of social organization in which the norm or expectation is that men have the natural right to be in positions of authority over women. Matriarchy: a form of social organizationRead MoreDocumentary Photography3107 Words   |  12 Pagesbearer of contemporary photojournalism is because in my opinion, he defines the word contemporary, and his photos are the perfect evidence as to the rare equilibrium between unbiased documentation and insinuated meaning. His works are relevant more so than anything else, often telling the tales of real life situations experienced by perfectly ordinary subjects, cloaking the mysterious messages of the extraordinary and transmitting the interpretations of a poet. His portfolio is washed with an assortmentRead MoreDomestic violence Essay examples7765 Words   |  32 Pagesdiffers widely from country to country. There may be a cycle of abuse during which tensions rise and an act of violence is committed, followed by a period of reconciliation and calm. Victims of domestic violence may be trapped in domestic violent situations through isolation, power and control, insufficient financial resources, fear, shame or to protect children. As a result of abuse, victims may experience physical disabilities, chronic health problems, mental illness, limited finances, and poor abilityRead MorePayday Loans : A Cash Advance3714 Words   |  15 Pagestwo-week payday loan with a $15 per $100 fee equates to an annual percentage rate (APR) of almost 400%. By comparison, APRs on credit cards can range from about 12 percent to 30 percent† (What is a Payday Loan). Although, as of now, payday lending is subject to state regulation. Pew s Safe Small-Dollar Loans Research Project classified states into three categories—Permissive, Hybrid, and Restrictive—based on their payday loan regulations. Pew defines permissive states, in which there are 27, as â€Å"AllowingRead MoreProblems of Society (Law, Crime, Punishment)7483 Words   |  30 PagesProblems of Society (Law, Crime, Punishment) Definition of Legal system Legal systems can be split between civil law and common law systems. The term civil law referring to a legal system should not be confused with civil law as a group of legal subjects distinct from criminal or public law. A third type of legal system—accepted by some countries without separation of church and state—is religious law, based on scriptures. The specific system that a country is ruled by is often determined by itsRead MoreBritish Culture11529 Words   |  47 Pages - The average number of people living in each household in Britain is lower than in most other European countries. The proportion of elderly people living alone is similarly high. - Family gatherings of any kind beyond the household unit are rare. - The stereotyped nuclear family of father, mother and children is becoming less common. - High divorce rate - Large number of children born outside marriage Geographical identity A sense of identity based on place of birth is, like family

Com worksheet free essay sample

A.Explains why parties to communication experience conflicting pulls that cause relationships to be in a constant state of flux. The closer individuals become to one another, the more conflict arises to pull them apart. B.Explains why certain groups in society are muted, which means they are either silent or not heard C.Explains why, as relationships develop, communication moves from less intimate levels to more intimate, more personal levels D.Explains why people tend to remain silent when they think their views are in the minority E.Explains how organizations make sense of the information that is essential for their existence F.Explains some of the reasons for changes to speech as individuals attempt to emphasize or minimize the social differences between themselves and their interlocutors G.Explains that people are essentially storytellers who make decisions on the basis of good reasons. History, biography, culture, and character determine what people consider good reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Com worksheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page H.Explains the process that people use to manage the relationship between concealing and revealing private information I.Explains meanings for routine organizational events, thereby reducing the amount of cognitive processing and energy members need to expend throughout the day J.Explains that mass media has a major influence on audiences by choosing what stories are newsworthy and how much prominence and space to give them K.Explains how different cultures manage conflict and communication. The theory explains that the root of conflict is based on identity management on individual and cultural levels. L.Explains how individuals act toward things on the basis of the meanings they assign to them. The meaning comes from the social interaction individuals have with others and with society. M.Explains the tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions, such as beliefs and opinions. When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors (dissonance), something must change to eliminate the dissonance. In the case of a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior, it is most likely that the attitude will change to accommodate the behavior. N.Explains how people have expectations about the nonverbal behaviors of others. Violations of these expectations may trigger a change in the perception of exchange—either positively or negatively, depending on the relationship. O.Explains how individuals may withhold their opposing opinions to promote cohesiveness. Individuals may also withhold their opposing opinions because they fear rejection by the group. Communication Theories and Contexts Match the communication theories to their contexts by placing the letter of the context in the blank. Note. Letters may be used more than once.

Wetland Policy Essays - Wetland Conservation In The United States

Wetland Policy Introduction The issue of wetland conservation and policy has long been an issue of controversy among interest groups and industry. When observing the number of endangered or threatened species that inhabit wetlands it is apparent that there is a pressing need to conserve them, especially when the leading cause of species loss is habitat destruction (Nowlan and Jeffries, 1996). There is currently in place a system of policies and laws which culminate to create a relatively effective means of enforcement, however, through the lack of a single Act which pertains to wetlands there continues to be inadequacies within the system. Though the federal government has released the Federal Policy on Wetland Conservation it is not admissible in court and therefore only stands as recommendations by which the government would like the public to abide. The vastly different types of wetlands located through out B.C. create many difficulties in the creation of a single policy, however, if there was a broad based Act which was committed to the current federal policy of ?no net loss of wetlands? it would eliminate the need for overlapping laws at the three levels of government. What Designates an Area as a Wetland A wetland can be described in many ways, most of which provide a great deal of vagueness in the distinction between the different classifications as these areas frequently fit into more than one grouping within a very small space. There are basic traits which all wetlands share, in that they are any land which is covered in less than six meters of water at low tide (if tidal) for all or part of the year (Zoltai, 1988), this description includes freshwater wetlands such as shallow ponds, marshes, peat bogs, swamps and fens, as well as saltwater wetlands such as tidal flats, saltwater marshes, eelgrass beds, estuaries and deltas (Nowlan and Jeffries, 1996). With such a broad range of fertile lands included in this description it is no surprise that they maintain such a high level of biodiversity. This description is however the most basic possible, in that it only allows for a general identification of wetlands, rather than classifying them by type or by the systems to which they are a part of. Nowlan and Jeffries (1996) group wetlands into five categories in accordance with their parent systems: Marine, non-estuary saltwater wetlands; Estuarine, wetlands around the mouth of a river; Lacustrine, wetlands connected to lakes; Riverine, wetlands connected to rivers; Palustrine, marshy wetlands. This method if classification is most effective when viewing wetlands from a policy perspective as it allows for them to be classified as distinctly as possible. Zoltai, in Wetlands of Canada (1988) uses over sixty very specific descriptions for the different types of wetlands in Canada, the problem with this being that the traits of wetlands may change from season to season and within small geographic areas. There is a consensus that the coastal wetlands of the Pacific are of the greates t ecological significance in the field of biodiversity; as they never freeze and are therefore able to provide year round habitat for fish and wildlife (Nowlan and Jeffries, 1996). Significance of Wetlands Wetlands have an anthropocentric value which has long been looked over in the development of society, in that they have traditionally been though of as barren wastelands which have no value to humans and therefore have been used as dumping grounds (Schiller and Flanagan, 1997). This ?pioneer mentality? has lead to the paradigm that wetlands are only impeding urban development and that they are indeed useless because they have no immediate or apparent cash value. The truth however, is quite the contrary. Clean water, which is essential to all life, when extracted for consumption by cities and towns, can be attributed to wetlands (Schiller and Flanagan, 1997). Through natural breakdown and retention of toxins in effluents, wetlands are able to filter solid wastes as well as industrial wastes containing heavy metals; ensuring that they do not harm human populations or other ecosystems. In low-lying areas that are prone to flooding wetlands play a crucial role in ensuring that civilizations are not destroyed, by acting as a sponge, wetlands are able to absorb large amounts of water and slowly release it

Lessons Learnt from the Artifact

Lessons Learnt from the Artifact Education is of great importance and is currently given more value than it was about a hundred years ago. Every parent in this day and age believes that the best lifelong asset that he or she can give to their child is education. Unlike in the old days, education is currently taking place in modernized institutions where the mode of instruction is also modernized.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lessons Learnt from the Artifact specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is the use of organized syllabus for various subjects. Learning takes place chronologically from one grade to the next. The student has the freedom to choose the subjects that suite their future careers. They also take part in co-curricular activities to exploit their talents. A school is an institution in which teaching and learning take place concurrently. Teaching is basically known as the art of imparting knowledge and skills to individuals so as to m ould a positively minded and goal oriented person that the society can turn to or rely on for the sake of its prosperity and development. Every school setting tries to bring out the best in their students. Schools make curricular that offer the type of education that meets the communities’ needs. For example, all or most communities and thus nations at large require professionals like teachers, doctors, lawyers actors just to mention but a few. These professionals also need to be people who have values such as high self esteem. From the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, high esteem is experienced when a person feels valued, accepted, respected and with a sense of belonging whether it is at work, in school or while pursuing a hobby (Kreitner, 2006, p. 12). All school settings should be able to provide all these to their students so that in the end they not only produce a knowledgeable person but also a socially fit person. This paper bases its discussion on the article known as the artifact. The paper will help its readers to see how schools have come up with their culture and other traditions, as well as its effects on teachers. It also examines the effect of the artifact on the learning of the student and other workers as well as its effects in future development. The document looks at how the school and its professional and non professional leaders form the basis of professional society. It continues to say that a proficient society is a unique part of the communal asset which is partly achieved by rooting and using certain structural methods of teaching by the schools’ concerned leaders.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the article we find out that the artifact instilled the feeling of respect and trustworthiness among the students because it allowed the students to take part in many activities that saw them interact with different people in the community. This also enabled them to have a sense of belonging and helped them to become socially fit people. This was achieved by the leaders in the school. Normally the school is made up of two types of leaders. The first group of leaders includes leaders who affect the life of students indirectly. They make and put into practice the rules, regulations and activities to be done in the school but have no direct contact with the students. This group of leaders includes administrators among others. The second group of leaders includes leaders who have direct influence on the students. They meet more frequently and often on a daily basis with the students. They give knowledge to the students, instill confidence in them and help them view life from a wider perspective (Halverson, 2004). These are the teachers. The teachers have the duty of exploring new thoughts and dreams, analyze them and share them with the students for the purpose of making them better people in the community. Thus, teachers enable their students to be responsible overall as they develop common interest for others. This in turn makes the students to be high achievers, goal oriented and people who can make objectives and attain them. This is because teachers take full reasonability for traditions and other learning activities together with class work. They make sure that students learn by taking part in the activities and socializing with others in different ways and settings (Halverson, 2004). They also make sure that the students are well mentored, highly disciplined, and well mannered in addition to having good self conduct. This results in a professionally developed society as most people in a society tend to live and conform to the practices around them. All this is found in the artifact. The world is dynamic and nothing in it remains constant. Change takes place from time to time and we all know that change is inevitable. The artifact is bound to go through transformation in future as the education systems and needs keep changing. In order to make students better persons, the school needs to adapt and use a broad combination of knowledge, ideas, skills, character and principles. All these things are changing due to changes in technology, community needs and the needs of the nations at large.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lessons Learnt from the Artifact specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Halverson, R. (2004). Accessing, documenting and communicating practical wisdom: the phronesis of school leadership practice. The American Journal of Education, 1, 1-50. Kreitner, R. (2006). Management. Thousand Oaks: Cengage Learning.

5 Reasons Why The Future of Healthcare Jobs Are Bright

5 Reasons Why The Future of Healthcare Jobs Are Bright Job seekers are looking to the healthcare field as one of the fastest growing occupational sources in the United States. Over the years 2012 to 2022, healthcare-related jobs are expected to account for one of the highest sectors in job growth, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Not since 2008 has the hospital industry made the number of jobs available as it has since the last quarter of 2014. Aside from hospital workers, employees are needed to fill positions in physician’s offices, urgent care clinics and home healthcare jobs. A convergence of events has made this an exciting time if you are seeking a job in healthcare. That being said, here are 5 reasons why the future of healthcare jobs are bright: 1.  Increasing Population of Elderly PeopleAmerica is growing older, and baby boomers are reaching a time when they require medical services such as geriatric medicine. For an increasing number of older Americans, home healthcare is required. Increases in mind-alterin g diseases such as Alzheimer’s, diabetic-associated problems and cardiac disease raises the demand for healthcare providers. In addition, with an emphasis on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, older Americans are visiting their doctors and becoming involved in wellness programs, all of which require trained professionals to meet the demand. Ancillary services such as those that provide durable medical equipment are also increasing.2. Better Healthcare AvailabilityWith the passage of the Affordable Care Act, more Americans are gaining access to healthcare services. Under the ACA, the insured are able to visit the doctor, have their eyes examined and get laboratory tests done. This means that increasing numbers of optometrists, physicians, physician’s assistants, nurses and laboratory technicians are necessary.In the next 10 years, the population is expected to grow by nine percent in the United States, increasing the need for more healthcare providers and personnel. In ad dition, with better medical care for chronic conditions, such as kidney disease that requires continuing treatment, the expansion of dialysis centers will require trained technicians.3.  Evolution of Healthcare RecordsAs healthcare reform is implemented, paperless medical records are replacing paper charts. Hospitals, medical offices and insurance companies are turning to electronic medical records. This relies on transcriptionists, computer experts and technicians to help bring about the transformation and maintain the records.4. Wellness ProgramsMore businesses and facilities are offering wellness programs. This is in line with the recognition that wellness is about more than medicine. Nutritionists, therapists and others are finding jobs in this proactive addendum to routine healthcare.5. Increased Jobs in the Hospital SectorAlthough the economy began to recover after March 2010, hospitals were not adding jobs. That changed in 2014. In the last quarter of that year, 100,000 job s were added, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This surge is expected to continue with approximately 28.1 percent growth in ancillary healthcare jobs accompanied by a 21.5 percent growth spike in the number of medical providers.According to Forbes, healthcare jobs have grown exponentially, and the growth does not seem to be slowing. Job search services such as TheJobNetwork are available to help you look for opportunities in the burgeoning healthcare field. This free service is easy to use and provides alerts via email to let you know when healthcare jobs are available.

John Mclaughlin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Mclaughlin - Essay Example f 8 years old, McLaughlin became inspired of learning to play musical instruments when one of his brothers listened to Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony from a radio station (Stump, p. 12). A year later, McLaughlin had the privilege to learn how to play the violin and piano (Christian Pegand). After three years of playing the violin and piano, he started to dream of becoming a good guitarist. His dream of playing the guitar started on the day when his brothers started to play blues of Bill Broonzy (Christian Pegand; Stump, p. 12). This made McLaughlin became more exposed to the music of Leadbelly, Muddy Waters, and Sonny Terry among others (Stump, p. 12). aware of the music industry (Stump, p. 12). Inspired with religious and cultural music in India and other Western classical music, McLaughlin became a famous jazz and classical guitarist that plays a wide-range of music styles and genres (Cal Performances). Because of McLaughlin’s passion to make other people happy by listening to his music, he exerted a lot of effort in terms of improving his knowledge and skills in playing musical instruments (Stump, p. 10). Later on, he became proficient in playing the violin and guitar (Stump, p. 13). During the late 50s, McLaughlin played some musical instruments together with Peter Deuchar – the banjoist and his professors of Ragtime (Christian Pegand; Stump, p. 13). Before McLaughlin reached the age of 15 years old, he was very actively leading a band in school (Stump, p. 13). All this happened before he decided to go to London where he pursued his dream of being able to play in a rock and blues band. His decision to leave the school band was very much influenced by Miles Davis’ album â€Å"Milestones† which was released in the market back in 1957 (Stump, p. 13). McLaughin’s exposure on blues music started when he reached London during the early part of 1960s (Stump, p. 15). Since then, McLaughlin took every chance he gets to have a jamming or recording sessions with

Facing your monsters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facing your monsters - Essay Example The process of life progresses from simple imaginary nightmares to real life fears that is vividly explained in the article (Langella 158). Once the author realized that the thoughts about monster were gone, then it is replaced by the real fears. The fear of greying mummy and shapeless objects is replaced by real fears. The prime purpose of the essay is to discuss about the article â€Å"The Monster in my head† The author illustrates personal experience on monsters and provided a connection on imaginary fears with his son’s story of monsters. The author demonstrates that fear can be created by individual’s personal perception and experiences towards certain things. According to Frank Langella, human beings have the potential to create fears. Langella illustrated that he knew monster would come every. The long pathway between the house of neighbour and own family was covered by tufts of grass and black dirt. In the mid-1940, the author watched a movie about mummy. Langella does not recollect the name of the movie but remembers the powerful image of a man with mouth exposed and wrapped in greying cloth. The author describes the fear of monster at a very young age. Langella knew that every night a mummy would come and hunt him down. Until one night, monster did not show up for daily routine. Langella’s son also struggles with the fear of monsters. Langella used first stra tegy to fight with imaginary monster. The implementation of the strategy is to remove the creation of fear. Later, author realized that fear can be created by daily experiences and activities. The author vividly illustrated the time when his son used to struggle from the fear of monsters. Imaginary fears on monsters are the integral parts of children life. The fear of monsters resides inside the head of children. Children would simple reply that monsters are hiding inside the bed or closet and will come out later to haunt. The author describes that the fear of imaginary monster is mainly

Position Supporting Stem Cell Research Essay Example for Free

Position Supporting Stem Cell Research Essay Cells that can make a distinction into a variety of cell types are called stem cells and comprise embryonic stem (ES) cells and adult stem cells. Since ES cells can turn into a new organism or can differentiate into any tissue type, they are said to be â€Å"totipotent.† Adult stem cells, conversely, as they cannot turn into any type of tissue, are said to be â€Å"pluripotent.† For instance, bone marrow stem cells can turn into red blood cells, T-lymphocytes, or B-lymphocytes, however not muscle or bone cells. Nerve stem cells can as well turn into different types of nerve tissue. Stem cell research attempts to engineer tissues from the bodys stem cells to replace defective, damaged, or aging tissues. In 1998, scientists were capable to grow human ES cells indefinitely. Since then, researchers have performed stem cell experiments on mammals and have had some achievement in repairing spinal chord injuries in mice. Since scientists cannot use federal funds to carry out research on embryos, private corporations, most particularly the Geron Corporation, have funded ES cell research. Geron, awaiting possible ethical concerns, appointed its own ethics advisory board. The Clinton administration sought to loosen the interpretation of the ban on embryo research to permit the government to sponsor research on the use of ES cells once they were available. President G. W. Bush had made the decision to permit use merely of about sixty existing cell lines, and not the production of embryonic cell lines particularly made for the purpose of use for stem cells[1]. The majority of the stem cell procedures proposed to date would employ the ES cells from embryos formed by couples in fertility clinics. In the United States, thousands of embryos are discarded each year as IVF couples cannot use all of their embryos. A couple may make three-hundred embryos in an attempt give birth to one child. One more approach to stem cell research suggests that researchers make embryos for scientific and medical purposes. This approach, recognized as therapeutic cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), engrosses transferring the nucleus from a cell in a persons body into an enucleated egg[2]. The ES cells from this new embryo would match the tissue in the persons body, therefore avoiding the potential tissue rejection problems that might occur in stem cell therapy. The potential of stem cell research is huge, for the reason that so many diseases result from tissue damage. Stem cell research could bring about advances in treating paralysis, diabetes, heart disease, pancreatitis, Parkinsons disease, liver disease, arthritis, as well as many further conditions. [3] Thus human pluripotent stem cell research is very important as firstly it propose help in understanding the actions that take place during normal human development. The understanding of human cell development could make possible further understandings regarding how abnormalities such as cancer occur. Secondly this research helps us to find out why some cells turn into heart cells whereas other cells turn into blood cells. Although it has been previously recognized that a gene turning on and off is central to cell development, however it is not recognized what makes these gene turn on and offstem cell research will most probably give a possible explanation. In a realistic sense this could make possible further understandings of cell development abnormalities. Thirdly pure samples of specific cell types could be used for testing different chemical compounds so as to develop medicines to treat disease[4]. This would make more efficient the process of medical testing in order that merely medicines that have a helpful effect on cell lines would be tested on animals and humans. And most significantly this research could be very helpful for cell transplantation therapies. Theoretically, stem cells could be grown into replacements for diseased or destroyed cells[5]. This would permit medical science to get to the bottom of diseases of organ failure for instance diabetes as well as neurological disorders for instance Parkinsons disease. The main protest to this promising research has to do with the source of ES cells. ES cells can be acquired from aborted embryos, embryos remaining after infertility treatments (IVF), embryos created only for research by IVF techniques, and from SCNT techniques (that is therapeutic cloning)[6]. To get ES cells, consequently, one have to either create embryos that will be used, manipulated, or destroyed, or one have to get embryos leftover from infertility treatments. However here is where the abortion debate resurfaces, as these techniques would engross treating embryos as mere things or objects and would not give embryos the esteem they deserve, as said by some critics. That is to say that a proper, fair and realistic account of what comes out of the freezer is a 5-day-old ball of about 150 cells, and of that the researchers will want to use about 30. What comes out of the freezer is unquestionably human tissue however it is not human. That ball of cells has no hope at all of becoming a human being without further intervention. One must not confuse the existence of a chance of becoming a human being with actually being human. The tissue can be likened to organs taken from a lately deceased person for transplant. Neither the organ nor the tissue is dead; it is human tissue but it is not human. One may say the same of sperm, for instance, every sperm must be protected that is available for the reason that it might, under circumstances where other things have to happen, become a human. That is practically the same thought. What has to happen there is that the sperm has to meet with an egg to fertilize that egg, which then has to be looked after. What has to happen with a 5-day-old ball of cells in which the egg and sperm have previously met is that it after that has to be implanted in a woman and stay there for nine months. In both cases nothing is going to happen unless other things are brought into play. It is a very strong view that it is not being talked about a human, rather about human tissue that will with the intervention of others, and only with the intervention of others, has the chance of becoming human. A parents right must be supported to demand that any of these untouched fertilized eggs be left untouched for afterward use or not be used for research. Very few, if any, parents who have had the advantage of the IVF program would refuse the chance for spare fertilized eggs to be used. They themselves turned to the wonders of science to give them what apparently nature was otherwise going to deny them, those who through the wonders of science have had what must have been their greatest dream realized would definitely not deny the chance for science to make better things for others. After all, how many fertilized eggs at varying stages of development were used in the IVF programs to get to the point where one could have a successful IVF program? [7] Some supporters of this bill do not deny where one is now with the science. He just wants science to have the opportunity to take him to further and better places. One cannot say that there is no practical application of this now, so not do the research. That is the equal of saying to a child that you are not permitted to swim in the pool until you have learned to swim. How can one possibly refuse to do research on the basis that he does not have the researchers outcomes? One can not get those outcomes until he proceeds with the research. So, again, one must be very much on the side of proceeding with stem cell research. Some of the objections which have their foundation in a religious view held by their proponents. Living by a decent set of values is far more vital than defending the doctrine of one church over another. If you lead a good life and if there is a kingdom of heaven you will be welcome into his or heaven. Your religion is your business and no-one elses. When you make your religion an issue, you drag it into the political domain and you tarnish it. It follows that we attach very little importance or interest to arguments over religious dogma. Similarly, we do not turn to the state to legislate for one religious view over another. Without doubt, we can clearly see the risks of adopting a view that your religion is the right one and the rest of the world must be converted. This point is quite simple: each to his own religion. If you say to one that doing something is against Gods will, then he will respond by assuring you that, if God is annoyed, God will punish whoever has done that thing. The state should never be used as Gods enforcer. Over the years, as we have been approaching 50, we can assure you that we have every confidence in Gods capability to settle accounts. It has not been our experience that he or she usually waits until you are dead. Numerous people who have done the wrong thing have met their maker in a practical sense while they were still alive[8]. In brief, we are talking about fertilized eggs that are in the freezer. They have not the slightest chance of becoming human unless they are accepted by the mother to be carried for 9 months. We are talking about fertilized eggs where that is not the case. The outcome is that they are either going in the bin or going to be used for the betterment of mankind. My other proposition is that we cannot now say whether the science is good or bad. We do not know where the science is going to take us. Science of itself is not fundamentally good or bad; it is what we do with it that will make that case. We have to understand that the benefits of this research may take years to come. That merely makes us say: start more quickly. We simply ask those who, due to their religious beliefs, have a very authentic concern regarding this bill to accept that they are entitled to follow their religious beliefs; they are not entitled to demand by legislation that everybody else does the same. References: Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik. Responsible Conduct of Research; Oxford University Press, 2003 Daniel Callahan. What Price Better Health? Hazards of the Research Imperative; University of California Press, 2003 John Harris. On Cloning; Routledge, 2004 Sandra Braman. Biotechnology and Communication: The Meta-Technologies of Information; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 Thomas Kemp. â€Å"The Stem Cell Debate: A Veblenian Perspective†; Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 38, 2004. [1] Daniel Callahanpg 55 [2] John Harris, pg 90 [3] Daniel Callahan, pg 67-69 [4] Thomas Kemp, pg 6 [5] ibid [6] John Harris, pg 78-79 [7] Sandra Braman, pg 105 [8] Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik, pg 210

The Causes of McCarthyism Essay examples -- Essays Papers

The Causes of McCarthyism As an individual in the middle of Twentieth century Joseph McCarthy had a rather intense effect on society. He started the movement that bears his name. McCarthyism was the movement that caused many changes in the lives of the people of the 1950's. McCarthy headed the charge against communism in the United States after the second World War. Through his actions many people were accused of being communists and hastilly judged to be so because of the general feeling toward communism. What causes such an incredible uprising. What caused so many people to rally behind, in many cases, unfounded accusations that would ruin other peoples lives unjustly? What caused not just a movement but the movement known as McCarthyism? It is historically proven that a simple action can have many complex causes, while a movement can have immeasurable causes underlying its begining and the momentum that keeps it alive. Leaving the little, but not insignificant causes alone, the major causes o f McCarthyism were the attitude of the United States toward communism, the sense of superiority within the United States, and McCarthy's own position. The attitude of the citizens of the United States was a tremendous influence on the development of McCarthyism. The people living in the post World War II United States felt fear and anger because communism was related with Germany, Italy, and Russia who had all at one point been enemies of the United States during the war. If the enemies were communists then, communists were enemies and any communists or even communist sympathizers were a threat to the American way of life. "From the Bolshevik Revolution on, radicals were seen as foreign agents or as those ... ...it was. Fear makes people do things they normally would not. Because of fear people overlook things they normally would notice imediately, especially in the case of something being moral or immoral. McCarthy was described as "paranoid" and for whom "...life was a sereis of conspiracies, the most fiendish of which were directed at him..."(Cook p77). Fear was the greatest underlying cause of the McCarthy movement; fear of communism, fear of the loss of freedom, fear of being accused or fear of what would happen if someone challenged the movement. Works Cited - Rogin, Paul. The Intellectuals and McCarthy: the Radical Speaker. The MIT Press, Clinton, Massachusettes. 1967. - Cook, Fred. The Nightmare Decade. Random House Publishing, New York, New York. 1971. - Theoharis, Athan. Seeds of Repression, Quadrangle Books, Chicago, Illinois. 1971.

Routine Communication

What kinds of tasks fall into each quadrant? Therefore, what kinds of communications norms do we need? routine/autonomous To the extent team members are working autonomously on tasks which remain static, there is little need for a lot of cross-team communications. Communications should be: Minimalist. Local. Compliance oriented where necessary. Automated whenever possible. The danger for virtual teams is that the â€Å"disconnected† feeling of a distributed team sometimes leads to over-reporting as a strategy to give people the feeling of â€Å"knowing what's going on. Sometime team members generate a lot of reporting in order to make sure the team leader â€Å"knows† that they are working. This kind of communication creates sludge in the team's arteries. It is a common cause of information overload which can sometimes result in team members avoiding engaging in the communications which actually are important to the team. The team needs to agree on a strategy to defend itself against communication sludge! Be on the lookout for what can be eliminated. 2 of 5routine/interdependent. Team members need to provide enough information to each other about areas where their routine work is interdependent to enable them to coordinate. Communications should be: Standardized. Organized. Easy. â€Å"Pull† v. â€Å"Push† (You go get what you need when you need it rather than having it pushed at you automatically). The danger for virtual teams is that because we have technology which allows us to exchange and store large amounts of information, we do it because we can without really addressing whether doing it adds value. The team needs to agree on a strategy to manage and coordinate this communication. Choose a few, processes for exchanging critical information and make a commitment to sticking to agreements about when and what will be produced by each member of the team. emerging/autonomous When individuals (or sub groups) on the team notice changes emerging in the work they have been doing, it's critical to make this â€Å"intelligence† available to the team as a whole. Communications should be: Timely (it can't wait for the next face-to-face meeting). â€Å"Push† v. â€Å"Pull† (to make sure that nobody misses a key indicator). The danger for distributed teams is that a weak communications strategy results in missing signals where something new happening in one place is a bell weather for something that will sooner or later have an effect on other parts of the system. A team that doesn't share this kind of intelligence is less than the sum of its parts. The team needs a strategy for scanning, scouting the environment within which they are operating, noticing pattern changes to make sure that important things get up on the team's radar screen soon enough when something which has been static starts changing. But it's not enough to simply report the information, it's critical that the whole team have an opportunity to discuss its meaning.

Martha McCaskey The Seleris Associates Industry Analysis Case Study

For the past 18 months Martha McCaskey has been an exemplary performer with high integrity and been assigned as a project leader to a crucial high profile project named Silicon 6. Upon successful completion of Silicon 6, McCaskey has been promised a promotion to group manager. McCaskey is being pressured by senior management to finish the project and have an action plan to present to the client. Now she has some options to weigh in order to complete the project. What McCaskey must decide is where she draws the line on compromising her values in order to complete Silicon 6. She will have to decide what constitutes proprietary information or is she engaging in â€Å"gentleman’s industrial espionage† McCaskey has also realized she might have to pay someone off to finish her project in order to attain her promised promotion. She felt she has always maintained a high degree of integrity until now. There were some warning flags McCaskey should have noticed. The focus this paper is to examine specific reasons underlying McCaskey’s situation, what the warning flags were and what tactics she should employ concerning her involvement in the Silicon 6 project and her future with Seleris. Martha McCaskey Seleris Associates Industry Analysis Division Case Study Martha McCaskey has been assigned as the Project Leader of the Silicon 6 Project with Seleris Associates Industry Analysis Division (IAD). She is facing some real tough decisions that can be career threatening and possibly have legal ramifications. Silicon 6 has become a crucial project for IAD. Silicon 6 will account for 20% of IAD’s revenues. If successful for IAD’s client then more lucrative projects would follow. This should have been a warning sign to McCaskey, a high profile project given to a new hire would not happen. McCaskey has been promised a promotion to Group Manager with a substantial increase in pay if she performs well. This was a warning sign. How could McCaskey be promoted to Group Manager? There were only 2 groups who was going to go? Was it just â€Å"lip-service† to entice her further to obtain the needed information on Silicon 6? Selersis’s client is a semiconductor manufacturer based in California. The client has retained IAD to identify cost structure and manufacturing processes for a new chip being manufactured by a competitor. Selersis’s client has offered to double the consulting fees if the required information could be obtained. McCaskey has been tasked by her management to formulate an action plan to present to senior management of the client and IAD. McCaskey is struggling with how she must decide what constitutes proprietary information and what is public knowledge. McCaskey wonders if she is engaging in â€Å"gentleman’s industrial espionage†. She has always maintained a high degree of integrity, until now. McCaskey now has some different approaches for finishing the Silicon 6 project to ponder. The Events Leading Up To Martha’s Situation Martha McCaskey has the right pedigree; Electrical Engineering (EE) degree from CalTech, and Harvard MBA. Shortly after finishing her MBA she became an associate with Seleris Associates Industry Analysis Division. This division specializes in clients in the computer component manufacturing industry. McCaskey’s offer was generous plus she received a good reference from a former CalTech associate who was employed there. The division was divided into 2 units. One unit was under Group Manager Bud Hackert called the â€Å"Old Guard† which worked mainly on independent projects and the other unit under Group Manger Bill Davies comprised of newer associates or â€Å"New Guard† where McCaskey was assigned. The New Guard group worked predominately on team projects. McCaskey’s first project received high praise from Tom Malone the division’s vice president stating her performance was the best the division had ever seen. The second project was very challenging. Under heavy pressure McCaskey was successful. After presenting successfully to the client, the president of IAD Ty Richardson asked McCaskey what her delay was on this project in writing the clients report. McCaskey was so outraged she finished the report in 10 days. Malone established her report as the new benchmark for IAD projects. This behavior by Malone should have been a warning sign as well. McCaskey had been with IAD a short time and already her work was a bench mark? There is no easier way to gain loyalty then by praise. McCaskey felt Richardson and Malone disapproved of her handling of the project. It was during this period that Malone suggested McCaskey ask advice of 2 members of the Hackerts’ group; Dan Randall and Chuck Kaufmann concerning obtaining sources of information. Hackert’s group was involved in gathering detailed information about competitors. This McCaskey quickly ascertained that Kaufmann and Randall were the real producers of this group. Before she was done on her current project McCaskey was asked by Richardson to talk with the rest of the members of Davies Old Guard group on the Silicon 6 Project. Randall was cold and unapproachable and Kaufmann was unavailable. McCaskey did work later with Kaufmann on some team projects and she found him to be approachable and fun to work with. The Atmosphere At IAD Several senior associates had left the firm in the last few months. McCaskey over the months has discovered was that IAD had some severe ethics issues. The president Ty Richardson is very sharp as well as a convincing salesperson with plenty of charm and charisma. He was very driven, mostly by money. The defacto Chief Operating Officer (COO) Tom Malone was the type of leader who was another great talker and salesman who once stated to Kauffman that he did not care about the turnover at IAD because he could just put an ad in the paper and hire all the staff he needed. Richardson and Malone stated to the staff about being part of the management team. However both would go on a client visit without involving the staff. The staff felt left out and perceived themselves as being non-contributors. McCaskey had been given the freedom by Richardson to perform her work as she wished and her work was also recognized by Richardson. Her bonus that year was $25,000 while the other associates bonuses were much smaller. This should have been a warning sign to McCaskey, special attention by senior management, to include a large bonus in excess of co-workers share. McCaskey And Silicon 6 McCaskey had been asked to work on Silicon 6 because of her EE degree and coursework on chip design. Richardson had stated the project was behind schedule and her expertise would be valuable. McCaskey was informed she would be working with Chuck Kauffman. Kaufmann was hard working but was taken advantage of by both Richardson and Malone. He was paid less than any other associate and felt the company needed his expertise to run the business. Kaufmann could not step back and see his situation. When trying to obtain information from industry sources McCaskey would identify herself as a representative of a trade journal. McCaskey thought that was a little more above board than visiting a target company and pretending to be interviewing for a job, as a consulting friend of hers does. Richardson spends more time with Randall, McCaskey and Kaufmann often making impromptu visits to see McCaskey and Kaufmann. McCaskey was still struggling with obtaining credible information on the target company. Seleris’ client had also placed a stipulation that the target company was not to be contacted, to avoid the appearance of price fixing. Malone had queried McCaskey on whether she had been able to contact any former employees of the target company. On other projects she had found former employees of target companies a valuable source of information. Kaufmann had confided in McCaskey he had paid a former employee of a target company a $5,000 consulting fee for spreadsheets and a business plan for a new product line. He mentioned Randall had done this on a regular basis on Seleris projects. IAD had no written formal policies concerning solicitation guidelines and rules of engagement working for a client. McCaskey confirmed with a coworker that members of Hackerts’ Old Guard group routinely paid off ex employees of target companies to obtain sensitive and proprietary information for Seleris’ clients and the Group Manager Hackert condoned and encouraged this behavior. Desperate for information McCaskey considered using former employees of the target company to complete Silicon 6. When she learned of the bribes McCaskey should have known what Seleris was all about, ethics not being an attribute. This was another warning sign she chose to ignore. Enter Phil Devon McCaskey’s best lead came via some random events. During her research she came across a professor at a small east coast engineering school who actively consulted with European semiconductor manufacturers. After contacting him McCaskey discovered he could not provide her with any information. Malone then suggested McCaskey fly out and interview him in person indicating he might have some â€Å"gossip† on the new chip. The face to face interview provided no new information that McCaskey could use. The professor suggested she contact Phil Devon a consultant in southern California who had been involved in the design and start up of one of the European chip manufacturers. The lead for Devon came about under such obscure circumstances. Malone told her to fly out to see the professor for â€Å"gossip† and then she discovered Devon? Did he know of Devon and intended to use McCaskey as a patsy? This was another set of warning signs for McCaskey. McCaskey set up an interview with Devon and discovered he was a former employee of the target company at the vice president level. This was large warning sign for McCaskey. You should never approach an executive of a target company, they are not ignorant. Your true intentions will be figured out in no time. McCaskey felt uneasy with Devon from the start. Devon was almost too forthcoming with information. McCaskey felt certain that Devon could provide her with all the information she needed to complete Silicon 6. She felt he might be leading her on in order to find out who she was working for. This should have been a red flag warning for McCaskey. Devon was way too anxious to give up information. What were his motives? Just a nice guy who wanted to help for the right price? A disgruntled ex-employee? Was he working for the target company? Was he part of a sting operation ? She did not listen to her â€Å"gut† on this one. McCaskey was an intelligent person she should have gone with what she felt (Welch Jack: Straight From The Gut) When McCaskey debriefed Malone she informed him of her meeting with Devon and how she felt Devon could have provided her with all the information she required had she just asked. She then informed Malone she had come away empty handed with the needed information. She also informed him about how uneasy she felt about Devon’s demeanor to the point that he might call the authorities or inform the target company’s plant Silicon 6 of her interest if she pressed him for the target company’s information. Malone told her not to contact Devon anymore and just go through her client presentation with him. Malone informed McCaskey that Seleris would present the data as though it represented the actual Silicon 6 plant. When McCaskey objected Malone informed her no one would notice when they presented. Another warning sign, Malone was going to lie to the client. What McCaskey thought was to be a dry-run of her presentation turned out to be held in front of the client’s senior plant management. The plant managers stopped her within 15 minutes of her presentation stating it provided no new information. In a closed door session with Malone and McCaskey the client plant management stated their displeasure in Seleris’s handling of the Silicon 6 project stating how much business they had given Seleris and how they hope to continue the trend. However, given what they had just witnessed they had doubts. Malone then brought up how Seleris had just made contact with an former employee of the Silicon 6 plant who could provide them all the information required given the proper â€Å"incentives† were provided. The attitude with the client senior management immediately changed. The client senior management doubled the consulting fee for IAD stating the additional funds could be used for â€Å"incentives†. The client stated they did not care how IAD obtained the information as long as they got it. Malone was delighted in the turn of events and how delighted Richardson would be. When Malone briefed Hackert, he suggested that the consulting fee paid to Devon should be $7,000 not the usual $4,000 or whatever would make it worthwhile. Malone then informed McCaskey to think about how she handle Devon and not rule out the idea of using Kaufmann to meet with Devon. McCaskey realized she was in the middle of paying Devon off to complete Silicon 6 and receive her promised promotion. This was a huge warning sign. Malone was shooting from the hip and he succeeded. Plus he had the perfect patsy; McCaskey or Kaufmann. Strategies Martha McCaskey Could Have Taken One strategy McCaskey could have taken was to stand up and define herself as a person and an employee (Jack Welch Video: Define Yourself or Others Will). If you allow people to think that you condone certain behavior, as in McCaskey stating to Malone â€Å"You’re Amazing! † after the presentation she and Malone made to the Silicon 6 client. She seemed to admire him for his dishonesty. When she learned that Seleris was bribing former employees of target companies she further failed to define herself in not speaking up for ethics and distancing herself form the situation. Her co-workers could only assume she approved of such behavior. Being new McCaskey desired to excel and seek approval of her management; however bribery to succeed is not the way to differentiate or advance yourself. Differentiation is a way to manage your people and your business. It’s about getting the best players on your team in order to have everyone pull together and win. (Jack Welch; Winning; Chapter 3) You do not win by being dishonest. When McCaskey discovered her management was basically unethical she needed to have a face to face meeting with them immediately. McCaskey was not in a situation of good boss vs. bad boss (Welch Podcast: Good Boss vs. Bad Boss) with someone who was just a jerk or a bully, she was dealing with 2 people who were blatantly dishonest and unethical who were condoning and encouraging bribery and industrial espionage. They were crossing a line that could land them or McCaskey or Kaufmann in jail. More than likely it would have not been Richardson and Malone as they were the â€Å"know it all† types of mangers who would let subordinates take the fall. (Welch Podcast: Bosses Who Get It All Wrong). At this point McCaskey has realized both of her managers were dishonest. You cannot trust dishonest people. Trust is the fiber of good peer to peer relationships, once gone it’s hard to win back. Trust is like the stock market you can lose it overnight (Fiener Chapter 3 Law of Trust). McCaskey should have confronted both Richardson and Malone both with their behavior and asked to be moved off of the project. Better to be moved off or moved out than go to jail. McCaskey did not give herself a lot of options to improve her or change her situation as she went along with the status quo. She chose not to stand up and do her job the right way. She more than likely is going to be cannon fodder for her management. (Feiner Chapter 8 Law of Conscientious Objector). A culture change needed to take place at Seleris from top to bottom and bottom to top. However, the persons you had running the company Richardson and Malone were not about to inspire any change that would interfere with their personal cash flow. The main problem with Richardson and Malone is that while both were bright and charismatic, but they were the wrong type of leaders, they were not inspiring the right attributes. Feiner Chapter 2). They were not taking control of the situation for the good of the company or employees, they were doing for themselves. The burning bridge technique might have worked (Fiener Chapter 9 The Law of the Burning Bridge). For change to end it right the process must start right. Malone and Richardson were not about to upset their empire by admitting they were wrong and begin a dra stic change process. It is not in their moral fiber to do so. There was no way for McCaskey to have changed their behavior. A painful end is waiting for them. Three Emails McCaskey Should Write Ty: After some thought and soul searching I feel I should be removed from the Silicon 6 Project. I realize I have not produced well on this project and I sincerely regret my less than stellar performance. I would like to stay on with Seleris IAD and perhaps work on less high profile projects in order to give myself a much needed break. I feel very stressed and overwhelmed at this point. I would like to meet face to face with you in your office to personally discuss my options with you. I would also like to take a 2 week vacation to recover from the last few months as well. I notice your calendar is clear form 1300-1400 would that be convenient for you? Tom: Due to the tremendous stress I have been under I will be taking a couple of weeks vacation to recover. I would like to remove myself form the project. I will let you decide who should meet with Phil Devon, as I know you know the right person to speak with Devon. I have cleared this with Ty Richardson and he agrees that I need some time off. I will be moving on to some less high profile projects. Head of Human Resources: I have enjoyed my tenure Seleris IAD where I feel I have grown personally and professionally. I feel I have worked with some of the industry’s best consultants. It is a decision that I have thought about for a while and I feel it is the best option for me at this point. I will be terminating my employment within 2 weeks from receipt of this email. A certified letter confirming the same will be coming to you forthwith. Conclusion Martha McCaskey has painted herself into a corner. She can pay Devon off take her promotion and hope for the best with her future. Her situation is this; she is considering bribery and has engaged in industrial espionage. McCaskey should run not walk away from this situation. She should run; self terminate her employment and cut all ties with her co-workers. She should have seen the warning flags and listened to her â€Å"gut†. As soon as possible McCaskey should quit Seleris IAD and retain an attorney. She needs to provide him or her with complete details of her dealings on Silicon 6. McCaskey should act on the advice of her legal counsel to protect herself if Seleris IAD chooses to come after her if the dealings with Devon take a turn for the worse. Call it what you want; incentive, consulting fee, gift, it’s still bribery and illegal. I wonder what Jack Welch would have done?ReferencesWelch, Jack with Suzy, (2005). Winning, Harper Collins. Welch, Jack with John A. Byrne. (2001). Jack: Straight From The Gut, Warner Books Inc. Feiner, Michael, (2005) The Feiner Points of Leadership. Warner Business Books. Welch, J., Welch, S. (2009). Define Yourself or Others Will Retrieved from The Welch Way Website. http://www.welchway.com/

Free Essays on Java Security

Introduction Java is a new programming language from Sun Microsystems (currently in beta release). The Java language has a number of interesting properties. One property is that it is intended to be portable, even to the extent that programs can be dynamically loaded over the network and run locally. In particular, small programs called applets can be loaded and run by a user's WWW browser while the user is ``surfing'' the Web (HotJava is such a browser written in Java, and Netscape2.0 will support Java applets). While this idea is very powerful, it is also an invitation to security problems. The Java language and runtime system (which includes libraries, the compiler, and the bytecode interpreter) attempt to address these security issues, with the result that Sun claims Java will be secure. This paper evaluates the security issues raised by the Java language and its intended uses in Java enabled Web browsers and Java's proposed solutions. After a brief discussion on the background of executable content, this paper moves on to discuss the potential security risks of executable content, what Java's proposed solutions are, and finally an analysis of the effectiveness of those solutions. Background on Executable Content Executable content is the idea of sending around data that is actually code to be executed. Why is the idea of executable content so exciting? The answer is fairly simple. Power and expressiveness. Use of the World Wide Web has exploded over the past few years, along with this growth there have been many attempts to retrofit applications to the Web. While the Web has adapted to allow more interesting uses through forms and scripts that run on the server, these methods are extremely limiting. The ability to have users locally run a program written in a full-fledged programming language allows applications to be used directly over the Web. Not surprisingly Java is not alone with its idea of shipping aroun... Free Essays on Java Security Free Essays on Java Security Introduction Java is a new programming language from Sun Microsystems (currently in beta release). The Java language has a number of interesting properties. One property is that it is intended to be portable, even to the extent that programs can be dynamically loaded over the network and run locally. In particular, small programs called applets can be loaded and run by a user's WWW browser while the user is ``surfing'' the Web (HotJava is such a browser written in Java, and Netscape2.0 will support Java applets). While this idea is very powerful, it is also an invitation to security problems. The Java language and runtime system (which includes libraries, the compiler, and the bytecode interpreter) attempt to address these security issues, with the result that Sun claims Java will be secure. This paper evaluates the security issues raised by the Java language and its intended uses in Java enabled Web browsers and Java's proposed solutions. After a brief discussion on the background of executable content, this paper moves on to discuss the potential security risks of executable content, what Java's proposed solutions are, and finally an analysis of the effectiveness of those solutions. Background on Executable Content Executable content is the idea of sending around data that is actually code to be executed. Why is the idea of executable content so exciting? The answer is fairly simple. Power and expressiveness. Use of the World Wide Web has exploded over the past few years, along with this growth there have been many attempts to retrofit applications to the Web. While the Web has adapted to allow more interesting uses through forms and scripts that run on the server, these methods are extremely limiting. The ability to have users locally run a program written in a full-fledged programming language allows applications to be used directly over the Web. Not surprisingly Java is not alone with its idea of shipping aroun...

ENGLISH ESSAY WRITING for Students

ENGLISH ESSAY WRITING for Students Students often receive assignments to do creative writing. Majority of our clients feel insecure about their creative writing skills. It is easy to get off track and jump from one topic to another. For that matter a strong English essay writing structure must be applied. All creative writings start with an idea. If you don’t know what to write about, do a list of ideas and see which one you feel most passionate about. Do a thorough research on a topic. Do you best to find all most interesting topic details to make your writing more exciting and bright for reader. Other way to go is to trust your writing to the hands of the professional writer. Find an online writing service you can trust and then place an order. If you have questions, talk to the Customer Support representative who work around the clock and she will address your issue. After the order placement, you can always message the writer directly to monitor the writing process. Also, you can request a draft to be written within 48 hours. Put your draft request directly into the order instructions.

SWOT Analysis of Zara and Benetton Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SWOT Analysis of Zara and Benetton - Term Paper Example SWOT Analysis of BenettonStrengthsWorldwide renowned brand.Financially stability.A good relationship with labors and suppliers.High-quality products.WeaknessesThe controversial way of advertising.Expensive products.Limited global markets reach except US. OpportunitiesThreatsOnline retail.Adoption of cost leadership strategy.Stable international market demand.Global Diversification. Saturated clothing market increasing market competition.Economic crisis.Comparing and contrasting the SWOT of Zara and BenettonThe strengths of Zara and Benetton are quite similar i.e. high brand value and high turnover. The weakness of Zara and Benetton are bit different. Zara’s weakness is inadequate promotional activities. On the other hand, Benetton’s weakness is lack of strong presence in emerging markets. Manufacturing and distribution center of Zara is centralized. The opportunity of Zara is to adopt online marketing and decentralize the distribution process. The opportunity of Benetto n is to diversify into the emerging markets and adopt cost leadership strategy. Threats of Zara and Benetton are the similar i.e. threat of new entrants and price war on similar categories among the firms. In case of Zara, the prices of the apparel are lower-middle ranged which is their strength. But in case of Benetton, the prices of apparel are middle-high ranged which can be considered as their weakness.

Portrait of a Fourth Grade Classroom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Portrait of a Fourth Grade Classroom - Coursework Example Gullon (2005) observes that â€Å"your classroom has to serve a variety of purposes for a variety of people and as such will need routines and rules.† There is also the need to ensure that there is maximum quietness at all times to facilitate individual learning and attentiveness during lesson delivery. Again, tidiness ensures safety and makes the class conducive for learning. Finally, in other to ensure that obedient students are encouraged to put up good behavior and disobedient ones are deterred from their bad behavior, it is important to constitute a reward and punishment mechanism. Establishing an effective learning environment where all students achieve learning outcomes relies on the implementation of a broad range of classroom organisation and management strategies (McBain, 2004, p.1). This tells of how important classroom organization is in the everyday upkeep the classroom environment.

Dealing with Moral Issues in Health Care Assignment

Dealing with Moral Issues in Health Care - Assignment Example As the report stresses  there was a belief that spirits cure diseases, which are caused as a result of divine punishment. Although, this concept is no longer accepted in the modern world, some of the religious beliefs and ideologies are observed to still hamper the moral issues in health care, wherein spirituality persists in contrast to morality. Some Muslim patients still convey strong religious or cultural issues about ‘modesty’, especially when being treated by the opposite sex, as commonly observed among the followers of Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism.  From the discussion it is clear that  a major proportion of Buddhists and Hindus can be observed as very rigidly ‘vegetarian’. For such patients, medicines produced from animals, is very much likely to cause problems, owing to the fact that such practices might be considered contradictory to their religious beliefs. The ‘dietary’ problem is also very much likely for Muslims and Jews, a s they refuse to accept pork or gelatin in their medicines. The Muslim patients may also question about alcohol based medicines and hand-rubs, which is strictly prohibited in their religion.  Suggestively, religious concepts, hampering the moral issues in health care can be minimized or even made negligible by adapting certain changes in actions and thoughts of patients, motivating them to become more flexible and rational towards medication.  Social media networks can also be major tool to generate awareness among patients and deal with the above discussed moral issues.

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis The food is a highly complex nature which consisted organic and inorganic components. It is undeniable that Gas Chromatography (GC) has many usage and application. It is also noted that gas chromatography has a wide range of applications especially in the food aspect analysis which includes composition of food, components of aroma and flavor, food additives, natural products etc. The aim of this section is to provide an overview of gas chromatography mass spectrometry in food analysis due to the arising of awareness on nutrition and health concern. Review in Journal of Food Science: Comparison of the Flavor Chemistry and Flavor Stability of Mozzarella and Cheddar Wheys The stability of flavor of fresh and stored liquid Cheddar and Mozzarella wheys are being compared. The flavors profiling is being run by sensory analysis whereas extraction of volatile components are followed by characterization by solvent extraction. This is continued with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The application of this research is for further understanding of the flavor of the raw materials which will greatly help manufacturers to have optimization of quality by identifying the methods. Application Gas chromatography modeled 690N Agilent was used with 5973 inert mass detector (MSD) for the analysis of the extraction of solvents. Fused silica capillary column as sued for the separation which is Rtx-5ms 30-m length Ãâ€" 0.25-mm inner dia Ãâ€" 0.25- µm df . 1ml/min of a constant flow rate of helium is used. Besides, the temperature of the oven was set beginning at 40 ºC for 3min, increased of 10 ºC /min until 90 ºC, then 5 ºC/min to 200 ºC and holding time of 10 min, continued with an increase of 20 ºC/min, finally with 250 ºC and a holding time with 10min. The inert mass selector detector held for 3 min for the solvent delay and parameters was scanned by inert mass selector detection which was set from 35 to 300 m/z. 2 µL of each extract was injected in the splitless mode. The samples were duplicated for duplication analyses for further accuracy. The 2 main whey types of Cheddar and Mozzarella differences were the intensity of the compounds which based on an increased or decreased after storage by fat separation. Based on the results, it is known that the fat separation resulted in decreased concentration of lipid oxidation products by Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. It is concluded that flavor profiles of the 2 types of samples were different from each other and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy volatile recorded the differences between the selected volatile compounds in each whey sample. The objective was fulfilled as it is proven that Cheddar whey is more easily to undergo oxidation than Mozzarella whey. Review in Journal of Food Science: Sensory and Physiochemical Characterization of Juices Made with Pomegranate and Blueberries, Blackberries or Raspberries The study of quality parameters of 1 commercial pomegranate juice mixed with different 5 concentration of blueberry, blackberry or raspberry juices. Solid phase microextraction – gas chromatography mass spectroscopy was used for the determination of volatile components which present in the mixtures in order to perceive the differences of aroma of the juices. The relationship between consumers and instrumental data was studied for the determination of innovation of designed juices by conducting a consumer study. This application of this research is to help juice industry to further understand the consumer’s preferences for the blended juices of pomegranate. Application Gas chromatography mass spectrometry modeled GC CP3800 Varian was used for the separation, identification, and qualification of the volatile components of the mixtures. The analytes was injected to the injection port of the gas chromatography at 250 º C during splitless mode of 5 min. The gas chromatography mass spectroscopy used RTx-5MS column , 30 m Ãâ€" 0.25mm Ãâ€" 0.25 µm film thickness which composed of 5% dephenil/ 95% dimethyl polisiloxane. Then, the temperature of the column was set beginning at 40 º C and was increased 280 º C at 8 ºC/ min with a holding time of 10 min. The components identified in the mixtures used Kovats indices and mass spectra analytical methods. There are 40 volatile compounds found in the juices. The most common compounds in the 3 berry juices were ethyl acetate, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal and linalool. In the nutshell, it is found out that blueberry juice is preferred by consumers with the mixtures of pomegranate juice. Review in Journal of Food Science Iron-Lactoferrin Complex Reduces Iron –Catalyzed Off –flavour Formation in Powdered Milk with Added Fish Oil Iron-lactoferrin complex is beneficial for dietary iron supplement but the effect has not been reported that iron-catalyzed off flavors in food products contained lipids. Therefore, the effects of iron-lactoferrin on off flavors were studied with the additional of fish oil. Compounds which have undergone oxidation such as pentanal, hexanal, heptanal etc were less developed in the powdered milk that contained iron-lactoferrin rather in iron(II) sulphate. The application of this research results proves and shows that iron-lactoferrin complex is beneficial for continuous fortification of foods with iron and fish oils. This is because there is a reduction of the formation of iron catalyzed off flavors in powdered milk fortified with fish oil. Application Gas Chromatography modeled 6890 Agilent with a mass selective detector of 5973 Agilent were used to performed analysis of volatile headspace compounds from the sample. The separations of volatiles were separated on DB-5 capillary column with measurement of 0.32mm i.d. Ãâ€" 60m, 0.52 µm of film thickness in the operations with a constant flow of 2.4mL/min. As for the temperature, it was set initially at 37 º C was increased to 190 º C, at rate of 4 º C/min and then to 280 º C at 40 ºC/min which the holding time is 8 min. In conclusion, iron-lactoferrin was proven by the measurements of headspace gas chromatography mass spectroscopy reduce the oxidation of flavor and metallic taste of powder milk enriched with fish oil during storage and processing. Review in Journal of Food Science Comprehensive Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils It had been known the unique ability of essential oils was studied due to their special properties that act as antioxidants. The 20 samples with oil that have EC50, which is less than 300 µg/mL were analyzed by gas spectrometry mass spectrometry and many more. The application of the founded results will enhance the understanding of spices which contains essential oil may inhibit the oxidative damage, lipid oxidation and increase the level of antioxidant activity of the product. Application Gas chromatography modeled 580A Hewlett Packard Series II were used to analyze the essential oil with mass selective detector and autosampler. The column used with a measurement of 30m, 0.25mmID with 0.5 µm film thickness at the constant flow rate of 1.0mL/min and pressure of 20.0 psi. The temperature injector is 250 º C, the beginning of oven temperature was 120 º C and was increased to 10.0  º C/min to 180 º C. Once the temperature reached 180 º C and rate was changed to 3.0 º C/min till the temperature reached 240 º C and holding time was 5 min. The total run time was 31.0 min. After running gas chromatography mass spectrometry, the chemical compounds in relation to antioxidant activities were known. It is based on the retention indices, co-chromatography with standards etc. The analysis of gas chromatography mass spectrometry also shows basil oils that are rich in linalool and geraniol. The confirmation of the indication of phenolic terpenes in antioxidant oil was also done. It can be concluded that phenolic terpenes is the major contribution to the most effective oils. Furthermore, several sesquoterpens are shown to have the ability to scavage free radicals. . Review in Journal of Food Science Change of Volatile Compounds in Fresh Fish Meat during Ice Storage This study is to determine the changes of volatile compound in fresh fish such as sardine, jack mackerel, bluefin tuna etc. during 3-4 d of ice storage by using headspace solid phase micro extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Based on the result, it is revealed that there is an increased of aldehyde and alcohols in jack mackerel and chub mackerel followed by skipjack and red seabream during storage. The purpose of this research is to study the results to apply in inhibiting fishy off-flavor products. It is the lipid oxidation that change the fresh fish flavor so it is crucial for the prevention of oxidation of lipid. Application Modeled Turbo Mass system Perkin Elmer was used to analyze the extracted volatile compounds. The column used for separation with a measurement of 60m Ãâ€" 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25  µm film thickness. Preheating the column to 40 ° C and it was increased to 260 ° C at 5 ° C /min. The carrier gas used was helium with a constant head pressure at 20 psi. Moreover, the temperature of the injector is 250 ° C and splitless mode is change to split mode (50:1) at 0.3 min after the injection. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry identified 32 compounds of the red and white flesh fish and shows no apparent peaks during storage. The detection of the volatile compounds dependent of the storage time. Therefore, the various changes on the fish flavors might be depending on the content of lipids, lipoxygenase activity and fish’s redox potential. (Taiko Miyasaki, 2011) (Hiroshi M. Ueno, 2012) (I.W. Liaw, 2011) (Laura Vazquez-Araujio, 2010) (Kevin P. Anthony, 2012) Bibliography Hiroshi M. Ueno, M. S. (2012). Iron-Lactoferrin Complex Reduces Iron- Catalyzed Off-flavor Formation in Powdered Milk with Added Fish Oil. Journal of Food Science, C853-C858. I.W. Liaw, R. E. (2011). Comparison of the Flavor Chemistry and Flabvor Stabiliy of Mozzarella and Cheddar Wheys. Journal of Food Scince, C1188-C1194. Kevin P. Anthony, S. D.-S. (2012). Comprehensive Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils. Journal of Food Science, C839-C843. Laura Vazquez-Araujio, E. C.-B. (2010). Sensory and Physicochemical Chracterization of Juices Made with Pomegranate and Blueberries, Blackberries, or Raspberries. Journal of Food Science, S398-S404. Taiko Miyasaki, M. H. (2011). Change of Volatile Compounds in Fresh Fish Meat during Ice Storage . Journal of Food Science, C1319-C1325.

The Applications of ICT- Shopping :: ICT Essays

The Applications of ICT- Shopping Supermarkets and checkouts. The advancements in the technological world have allowed supermarket chains and other national stores to quickly dominate the market and are driving out the concept of the ‘local stores’. This surge in the market has seen shares rise and profits bulge with the three main contenders in mind being Sainsburys, Safeways and Tescos who now serve the whole of the UK between them and are the household names of the shopping world. The ICT input to these businesses is vital in that it provides speedy service; controls stock levels and will even allow bank balance transfers to be carried out with minimal difficulty or technical experience. The ‘till’, arguably a simple word has been given several names in the information technology world depending on the tasks, which the one in question can perform. Â · POS- Point Of Sale terminal (ordinary checkout) Â · EPOS- Electronic Point Of Sale terminal (Checkout connected to a computer data base using a laser scanner to read bar codes). Â · EFTPOS- Electronic Funds Transfer Point Of Sale (the same as EPOS with the capability to make transfers for customers to pay for goods via credit or debit cards. The checkout uses the ICC (integrated chip card which is very popular on the continent) or Magnetic strip on the card to request the information of the user to see whether or not they are eligible to make an EFT. The magnetic strip can only hold a limited amount of data such that an 11 or so digit code is sufficient to recall the same data from the bank servers. The ICC however can hold much more information and is much harder to copy or have data changed by criminals or hackers. The checkouts used in modern supermarket chains are all capable of EFT and are therefore all considered EFTPOS. In the next few years checkouts or ‘tills’ in all retail shops will use the ICC Barcodes The goods found in supermarkets are labelled with barcodes used to identify specific items on a central database. When the good is scanned a request is sent from the checkout to this main database where the request is handled and the appropriate information returned to that terminal and the correct amount reduced from the stock of that item. The bar codes are formed of lines of different widths and as each line represents a number the resulting code is the information sent to the main computer.

Group Manuscript

Bacterial cells are a common choice for in vivo replication of DNA of interest, and in this study, the heat shock method was employed for bacterial transformation. Plasmids, which are DNA molecules themselves, were used as expression vectors for the DNA of interest, the GAP gene. Because only transformed cells exhibit antibiotic resistance, trans armed cells survived on plates containing inclining. Only those cells that took up plasmid s containing the GAP gene fluoresced in IV light.By restriction enzyme analysis and gel electro prophesiers, the relationship between genotype and phenotype was observed using isolated p zamias from the bacteria. Because the presence of the GAP gene codes for fluorescence, it is expected t hat a genotype coding for the protein would express the glowing phenotype. Regular action of GAP gene expression was observed in samples that were grown with rabbinate, inimical in, and varying amounts Of glucose. Our results Suggest that the presence Of glucose in t he s rounding environment inhibited transcription from the rabbinate bad promoter. Age 3 INTRODUCTION This study examined the transcriptional regulation Of the rabbinate Oberon pr emoted found in Escherichia coli (E. Coli). To facilitate this study, the Green Fluorescence t protein (GAP) was utilized as a reporter gene with the rabbinate promoter. The KEEP gene w as 772 base pairs (BP) long and was extracted from Quarrel Victoria. This gene was implanted into plasmids, which were inserted into the E. Coli through bacterial transformation (3). In order to obtain enough copies of these DNA samples in a reasonable ammo NT of time, two methods can be used.The first is considered in vitro , or in glass, (such as a test tube) and is known as polymerase chain reaction. This method, in which a machine heats t he DNA sample ND Tag polymerase clones the DNA, is expensive and less convenient, so it is not always used. The other method is In Vivo , or in life, and is called transformation. This method was used in this experiment by shocking E. Coli bacteria with heat in order for them to take in plasmids that were transformed to contain the GAP gene. Not all bacteria were transformed, and not all transformed bacteria contained the GAP gene.To differentiate between transformed and n untransformed bacteria, they were grown on inclining, as the transformed bacteria were rest assistant to impact Olin but the untransformed bacteria were killed by it. The plasmids with and with out the GAP gene were differentiated by visualization under IV light (4). The genotype of the remaining plasmids, both transformed and nontransparent med, were then tested to determine the relationship between the genotype, or plasmid c imposition, and phenotype, or presence of fluorescence.The plasmids were removed from the e bacteria, with some samples left whole as controls and others cut into pieces by restriction enzymes. In this case, doll, originating from Hemophilia influenza , was the enzyme use d to cut the plasmids Page 4 at their respective Hind doll sites, where the GAP gene would have been inserted. This was done to determine whether or not the KEEP gene was taken in by the plasmids when it was electrophoresis, as the difference in size of the pieces was observed in the gag arose gel (4).Even though a transformed bacterium may have had the GAP gene in its insert Ted plasmid, it needed the promoter bad (consisting of genes Arab, area, and award) and t he GAP gene in the right direction and position in order for the bacterium to have the potent al for fluorescence. It may still not have fluoresced if there was not enough rabbinate present for the bad promoter to run, or if a high concentration of glucose inside the cell was present to rep as the bad promoter.With all the necessary genetic coding for fluorescence, the amount that was visible depended on the amount of glucose present, as no glucose caused it to floorer see brightly, and a low concentration made it glow dul ly (4). Each step of this experiment was vital in analyzing the transcriptional regulate on of the rabbinate Oberon promoter. Through bacterial transformation, recombinant DNA and cloning methods were used in order to insert the GAP gene into the plasmid.The pellet of cells was then resume need using a pipette and vortex mixer. This allows for a XX concentration to be obtained. After spreading, the four plates were incubated upside down (overnight at 370 C) in a microbial incubator. Following incubation each plate was placed upside down n a IV box and photographed. Restriction Analysis In restriction analysis, two restriction enzyme digestion reactions (one uncut b Y enzyme, one cut by enzyme) occurred for each of the two DNA samples (nonresistant and non page 6 fluorescent, resistant and inflorescent, and resistant and fluorescent).For the uncut samples, components were added in the following order: Pl XIX Buffer ( supplied by environment by life technologies†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ containi ng: 100 mm Trisect, pH 7. 5 100 mm Magical mm Theoretical 500 mm Nasal), 1 Pl Water, and 5 Pl DNA For the uncut samples, components were e added in the allowing order: Pl XIX Buffer, Pl Water, pi DNA, and III Handbill NZ. (sup plied by invitation by life technologies†Ã¢â‚¬ ). After all components were added they were mixed by overexerting and collected at the bottom of the tubes by using the microelectronic gem The tubes were then incubated for 30 minutes at 37 co.Following incubation, Pl of XIX loading g buffer (1% (w/v) SD (sodium decoded sulfate) 50% (v/v) glycerol 0. 05% (w/ v) bronchiole blue) was added to each tube. The samples were mixed by overexerting and collected at the e bottom of the tubes using the microelectronic- Agrees gel electrophoresis was prepared by ding Pl of 1 KGB plus ladder ( supplied by environment by life technologies†Ã¢â‚¬ ) into the first and final well. 12. Pl of each sample was then loaded into remaining wells on the gel and the electro prioress was run for 1 hour at 1 VIVO.The gels were then placed in a IV box and photographed. Using the photo of the gel, the genotypes of each sample were verified. This was done by finding the size of fragments through comparison with the DNA standard ladder. Gene Expression TO allow for observation Of phenotypes gene expression, bacteria were transfer erred to three types of media: inducing, introducing, and repressing. Five plates were used: LB,'Amp, LB/Marry, LB/Amp/AR/Glue 0. 2%, LB/Amp/AR/Glue 0. 5%, LB/ Amp/AR/Glue 2% (xx).On each plate, bacteria with empty plasmids and therefore no GAP gene for flour essence were spread on one half, and bacteria with plasmids containing the GAP insert were e transferred to the Page 7 other. Both of these types of cells came from a master plate. Using a sterile to toothpick, each type of bacteria was patched in the appropriate area of each plate. GAP+ bacteria were patched in a â€Å"+† shape, while GAP bacteria were patched in a shap e. Plates were labeled properly and Leary and were placed Poseidon in a ICC incubator overnight.Plates were e observed for fluorescent bacteria on the IV transformational box after 24 hours, after 72 h ours, and again after 96 hours. Page 8 RESULTS Bacterial Transformation In order to investigate GAP gene expression, it was first necessary to obtain co pies of the DNA of interest through bacterial transformation, which allowed for plasmid ( and sometimes GAP) uptake by numerous bacterium. Phenotypes results from this procedure can suggest possible genotypes. Transformation plates that were prepared after heat shoo KC transformation can be Seen in Figure 2.Individual colonies were visible on each AMP+ plate, while a lawn of bacteria had formed on the AMP plate and individual colonies were not discern enable. Under IV light, fluorescence was observed in those colonies expressing the GAP gene. If guru E highlights the difference observed between glowing and knowing bacterial colonies. The fraction of colonies that appear fluorescent and are assumed to be GAP+ is noted in Table e 1 along with complete results of this bacterial transformation (4).Structural Analysis by Restriction Analysis and Gel Electrophoresis TO confirm the structure Of DNA plasmid genotypes, samples were run through h gel electrophoresis after being treated with a restriction enzyme specific for cleave ins the gene of interest (GAP). Standards were run along with each of the components on the electrophoresis gel. In order to determine size in base pairs of fragments of interest, a graph of the e relationship between the size and migration of the bands in the 1 KGB plus DNA Ladder was assembled (Figure 4), and a line of best fit was determined.The relationship between the base 1 O log of size and migration is linear, and graphing them together gave a trend line with an ex. action useful in determining the size of experimental fragments with known migration values. These were the fragments obtai ned by cleaving the plasmids with the Handbill restriction enzyme. Table 2 page 9 organizes the sizes and migration distances for the fragments of the standard included during electrophoresis. These values were used to construct the calibration curve m mentioned before (Figure 4).Figure 3 shows the agrees gel obtained by gel electrophoresis. Ta able 3 lists all sizes determined based on comparison with the calibration curve generated from migration standards (Figure 4). Sizes are noted for both the vector and the insert (4). Analysis of Reporter Gene Expression Investigation of gene regulation and interaction of environmental rabbinate a ND/or glucose with genotype required GAP+ cells to be spread on various plates, an d fluorescence to be observed over time.Table 4 summarizes the observations of the phenotype o f patches streaked onto AMP plates containing or lacking rabbinate and/ or glucose. Glowing patches suggest expression of the GAP gene. Observations show that the rabbinate sample pop site for the GAP insert fluoresced brightly as time went on. The sample with rabbinate and 0. 2 % glucose increasingly fluoresced over time, while plates higher in percentage glucose c imposition did not fluoresce. Cells that were GAP were also spread in order to serve as a surrogate et marker.These cells do not contain the gene for GAP, so they will not fluoresce under IV light . This gives a comparison, making it easier to determine if cells are expressing GAP fluoresce once or not page 10 DISCUSSION Regulation of Gene Expression: The samples that were grown with rabbinate, inclining, and varying amounts of glucose showed that the presence of glucose in a bacterium's surrounding environment NT can affect the ability of its rabbinate bad promoter. The plate with no glucose added flour cede brightly, while the plates with glucose added showed very little to no fluorescence.The only plate with glucose added that fluoresced in the end was the plate with the least glucose ad ded These results are due to the glucose inhibiting the rabbinate Oberon from trap inscribing the bad promoter DNA. When glucose is present in a bacterium, the cell metal likes the glucose instead of the rabbinate, and the rabbinate Oberon is not utilized. However, when the cell is lacking glucose, it reaches a state of â€Å"hunger† and begins producing cyclic adenosine Mephistopheles (CAMP). This reacts with the CAMP receptor protein (CROP), who chi allows the cell to use rabbinate to induce the transcription of the rabbinate bad prom otter.This promoter contains the genes Arab area , and award, which are part of the rabbinate Oberon. This system can only function if rabbinate is present in the cell; otherwise the gene arc will prevent the rabbinate Oberon from carrying out transcription by forming a â€Å"knot,† or loop in the DNA The rabbinate bad promoter reacts with the GAP gene to show when the Arabian SSE Oberon is in use and how strongly it is induced by rabbi nate (5). The plate with the least glucose added began to glow over time, as the cell be an using up the glucose in its environment by metabolize it for energy.It started to FL recurrences dully once the concentration of glucose was not high enough to fully repress the AR baboons Oberon, showing that there is a range of repression and induction, not just a state of † on† and â€Å"off' for page 11 these function. The more the bacteria used the glucose, the less of it was arrow ND to repress the Oberon, which is why its fluorescence strength grew over time. If the study WA s to be continued past the 96 hour mark, all of the plates would have eventually fluoresced as t hey used up their loses resources and began activating the rabbinate Oberon (4).